When there is an allergy in the body, there is a distortion of the immune response, which leads to the production of antibodies against harmless substances from the external environment, including food. A diet against allergies helps to reduce the tension of immunity in violations of their work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or when it has not yet been formed (in infants).The article includes a list of hypoallergenic foods, a list of foods that should not be eaten, and nutritional recommendations for breastfeeding mothers.
Hypoallergenic products
Food is foreign to the body by the structure of its DNA, but this does not normally provoke any reactions. Even with a sufficient amount of enzymes, some protein molecules are not fully fermented into amino acids and can be absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, causing allergies. An allergy diet consists of such products. These are vegetables, grains, and fruits that grow in the human region, are not bright red in color, and lack many of the proteins and immune compounds of the animals from which they were derived.
Keep this in mind when it comes to food allergiesYou cannot eat these foods:
Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.The reaction to these products is accompanied by a cross-allergy to legumes. They are usually triggered by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.
semi-finished products, smoked products.They contain preservatives, food additives that provoke both real and pseudoallergic reactions. Smoking produces many carcinogens.
Mushrooms.High in protein and difficult to ferment, contain chitin and glucans in the cell wall.
legumes(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - are known to be a rich source of plant proteins that serve as allergens.
Milk.Milk, in addition to the protein casein, contains antibodies to create passive immunity in the young of the animals from which it is obtained (cows, goats, etc. ).
eggs.They contain albumin protein and other nutrients that are necessary for the development of the avian embryo and can provoke a reaction.
Fish and seafood.They were found to have a protein M antigen resistant to heat treatment.
cross allergy(Vegetables and fruits). In the case of a pollen allergy, there are reactions to fruit and vegetables that have a similar pollen structure or belong to the same genus (poplar, willow, apple). If you have a reaction to pollen, it's easier to pinpoint exactly which foods to eliminate.
Meat.It is high in protein, but usually the sensitizing ability is greatly reduced due to denaturation during its manufacture.
Grain,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.
Pseudallergic reactions and some hypervitaminosis have manifestations similar to allergies. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms when foreign peptides first enter the body and the dependence of the severity of the deterioration of the patient's condition on the amount of food eaten. Such reactions occur on fruits and vegetables that are bright red, sometimes orange (tomato, pomegranate, citrus, strawberries).
What to eat - grocery list
HypoallergenicDiet requires the elimination of first-order allergens(exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, nuts, coffee, honey, seafood, eggs, fish and milk with its derivatives - powdered milk and cheese) andmoderate consumption of secondary allergens(Cereals - wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; legumes; potatoes; currants; cranberries; apricots; cranberries; fatty meat with rich broths from it; herbal tinctures).
The following foods are allowed:
lean meat;
Food undergoing partial fermentation during cooking;
residence-specific products;
white and green vegetables;
Offal;
Grain.
Shopping List
Hypoallergenic productsmay eat:
Cereals: Semolina, rice, as well as oatmeal and pearl barley.
Low-fat sour-milk products without additives, homemade is better: cottage cheese (9%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk.
Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.
Offals (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidneys.
cod and sea bass.
Bread made from buckwheat, rice or corn.
Oil: butter, sunflower, olive.
Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower.
Rutabaga, squash, zucchini, beets.
Broccoli, lettuce, spinach, herbs.
Green apples, pears, white currants and cherries, gooseberries.
Compote of apples and pears (also dried), rosehip broth, weakly brewed tea.
Non-carbonated mineral water.
Diet and nutrition for allergies
Food for allergies in children and adults is prescribed in the form of medical tables. The list of products and menu areaccording to the nutritional tables No. 5 and No. 9.
In children
Antiallergic nutrition in children requires the simultaneous exclusion of products that potentiate the reaction and the preparation of a diet that is gentle on the digestive organs (in children, gastrointestinal disorders are common from overweight food, from immaturity of the liver and alower amount of enzymes than in adults). It is necessary to use hypoallergenic products with a low fat content with a sufficient intake of carbohydrates. For thisappropriate medical table number 5, excluding food immune irritants.
table number 5
Also for gastrointestinal disorders, diseases of the liver and gallbladder.
Nutrient:
Proteins - 80-90 g / day (in the ratio of animal and vegetable protein 3: 2);
fats - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oils);
carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);
water - 2-2. 5 l / day;
Calories - 2400 kcal / day.
Suggested products:
Bakery products:dried, made from bran flour and flour of the 1st class, yesterday's bread, high-quality lean biscuits.
It is impossible: fresh pastries, muffin.soups.Vegetable soups with zucchini, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin; milk soups with milk diluted with water (1: 1); with heavily cooked cereals (semolina, oatmeal, rice). For dressing - butter, sour cream, flour.
It is impossible: broths from meat, fish, beans and mushrooms.Meat.Lean varieties: rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef, pork; cooked and lived without skin. The meat is boiled, in the form of minced meat or stewed as a whole piece (chicken).
It is impossible: brains, kidneys, smoked and sausage products, roasted and cooked meat, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meat (pork, beef).Fishes.Low-fat varieties, mostly freshwater. Boiled or steamed, in the form of cutlets and a whole piece.
It is impossible: fried, baked in batter, fatty varieties; salted, stewed, canned; Caviar.Dairy products.Low-fat dairy products: fresh cottage cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk (2. 5%). Milk diluted with water for soups, cereals.
It is impossible: fat cottage cheese, sour cream, cream; processed and hard cheese; whole milk and dried milk.eggs.0. 5-1 piece / day; steamed and boiled.
It is impossible: more than 1 egg per day, other dishes.Grain.On water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat (limited), vermicelli, semolina and rice soufflé, buckwheat and rice flour.
Not allowed: legumes, millet.Vegetables.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, squash, broccoli, zucchini, zucchini, boiled or steamed squash, cucumbers.
It is impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickles, canned goods, cucumbers, beets, radishes, radishes, beets, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, legumes.fruit, sweets.Green apples, gooseberries, limited - apricot, white cherries and currants, pears in raw, mashed, boiled form; as part of jelly, mousse, jelly.
Not allowed: sour fruits, exotic fruits, bright red fruits, creams, chocolate, ice cream.sauces.On vegetable broth decoction of cereals with a small amount of low-fat sour cream; with untoasted flour.
It is impossible: mayonnaise, ketchup, on meat, fish, mushroom broths; greasy and spicy dressings.Beverages.Green weak tea without additives; compote of pears, apples and gooseberries; from dried fruits; Rosehip decoction.
It is impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (including with lemon); compotes of bright red berries; citrus drinks; Carbonated Beverages.fats.butter - up to 30 g / day; Sunflower and olive oil (limited).
The time during which a person must follow an antiallergic diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. If, when breaking the diet, there is a rash on the skin and manifestations of recurrence of allergies, then the product on which the reaction occurred should be excluded.
Table number 9
It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and allergic diseases. It requires a restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, so it is mainly prescribed to adults and children with intolerance to lactose, sucrose, etc.
Nutrient:
Proteins: 85-90 g / day (50-60% - of animal origin);
Fats: 70-80 g / day (40-45% - vegetable oils);
carbohydrates - only complex; 300-350 g/day;
water: 1. 5-2 l/day;
Calorie content: 2200-2400 kcal / day.
Recommended dishes and products:
Flour:bran, protein bran bread, from flour of the 2nd class; protein wheat. Unsweetened cookies and pastries (at the expense of bread).
It is impossible: muffins, puff pastries, products with premium flour.soups:Vegetables; borscht and cabbage soup on a weak broth; Beetroot; weak broths of plain meat and fish; okroshka from vegetables / with meat; Soups with meatballs (without fat).
It is impossible: rich, fatty broths; mushroom soups; with beans.Meat:lean beef, veal, lamb, pork (tenderloin / game ball); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; liver (limited). In stewed, cooked vapor form; You can chopped boiled meat after light frying and cut a piece.
It is impossible: smoked meat, sausages, fatty meat, duck, goose, stew.Fishes:Lean varieties steamed, lightly fried, grilled, baked without oil. Preserves in tomatoes (border).
It is impossible: fatty varieties, exotic varieties of sea fish; Seafood; semi-finished products, pickles and preserves in oil; Caviar.Dairy products:low-fat milk (1. 5-2. 5%) or diluted with water for cereals; low-fat fermented milk products (cottage cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2. 5%); moderate - sour cream 15%. Unsalted varieties of low-fat cheese (cheese, feta, ricotta).
It is impossible: cream; sweet cottage cheese; hard and salty cheeses.eggs:no more than 1. 5 pieces/day; boiled (soft-boiled, hard-boiled); steam protein omelettes; reduce the consumption of egg yolks.
Grain:moderate (according to the carbohydrate norm): millet, pearl barley, buckwheat, barley groats, oatmeal.
Not allowed: legumes, rice, pasta, semolina.Vegetables:Potatoes (XE limit), eggplant, cucumber, tomato and beet (limited), carrot, broccoli, zucchini, squash, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, zucchini, squash. Stewed, boiled, baked dishes; limited - fried.
It is impossible: pickles, preservation.Snacks:Vinaigrette, vegetable (zucchini) caviar, fresh salads, soaked herring, fish jelly, meat, diet cheese (except tofu), beef jelly.
It is impossible: smoked meat, fatty snacks, sausages, lard, snacks with liver and mushrooms, pickles, canned food.fruit, sweets:fresh fruits and berries (sweet and sour), jellies, masses, sambuca, compotes; Sweets with sugar substitutes.
Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jam, exotic fruits (bananas, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.Sauces, Spices:low-fat with vegetable, weak meat and fish broths; Border - tomato sauce, pepper, mustard, horseradish.
Not allowed: fatty sauces with lots of spices.Beverages:Tea without additives, vegetable and fruit juices (unsweetened), rosehip broth.
Not allowed: sugary drinks, soda, grape and other juices made from sweet fruits/berries.fats:lean, olive and unsalted butter.
It is impossible: meat and frying fat (fried, lard, etc. ).
For breastfeeding mothers
A hypoallergenic diet for a nursing mother avoids reactions to food in a newborn and reduces gas formation in a baby. strictlyDietary restrictions are important during the first 3 months of a baby's life, because:
The nervous regulation of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in newborns);
the digestive system adapts: in the past, the child received nutrients from the mother's blood via the umbilical cord; the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and the production of gastrointestinal hormones are started, the active production of bile and pancreatic, duodenal and gastric juices;
Enzymes in the baby's body are produced in limited amounts. Excess nutrients are not digested, which also causes colic and flatulence;
uneducated immunity (up to 6 months). The body's protection is provided by immunoglobulins from breast milk.
When putting together the diet for breastfeeding women, it is important that it contains sufficient calories. Daily energy expenditure from lactation increases by 500 kcal.
Due to the increasing adaptability of the child's body, the diet for hepatitis B in the first 1-2 weeks of the child's life should be as strict as possible, with a gradual relaxation of food restrictions and the introduction of a small amount of new products.
1-2 weeks
Completely ruled out (What is impossiblemealalso in small doses)
cocoa and chocolate;
coffee, strong tea;
Legumes;
fatty meat, rich broths;
oily fish and sea fish;
Fruit;
white cabbage;
Milk;
eggs;
muffins and pastries made from premium flour;
Honey;
Nuts.
Available in limited quantity:
crackers made from 1st grade flour, bran flour;
lean fish varieties;
liver (except birds);
lean beef, chicken;
corn, buckwheat;
butter and olive oil;
green baked apples;
Potato;
Sugar;
Tea.
The basis of the diet is (gentlehypoallergenicFood):
Low fat dairy products;
lean meats: rabbit, turkey; weak broths from lean meat;
Vegetables and broths made from them: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; Broccoli; Patisson, zucchini, zucchini; Spinach; some onions and carrots;
Cereals: rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, oatmeal; moderate - corn, semolina;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese 5-9%; sour cream 15%; kefir, fermented baked milk, diet cheeses (ricotta, feta, unsalted cheese);
herbal teas (including lactation teas: anise, fennel, dill, chamomile), rosehip decoctions, weak green tea without additives;
Desserts: crackers made from 1st grade flour or bran; dried bread with bran (you can - a sandwich with a thin layer of butter no more than 1 piece / day), biscuit cookies (with bran, from premium flour - limited);
2-3 weeks - 1. 5 months
Completely exclude highly allergenic foods, as in the first 14 days, with the exception of:
Milk.Use diluted milk for making muesli no more than 1-2 times a week. When a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the diet of a nursing mother.
eggs.In boiled form no more than 1 piece / week; in the absence of a reaction in the baby - bring to 1 piece / day, limit the protein.
Gradually introduce into the diet:
Characteristic fruits and vegetables of the yellow and red regions:pumpkin, yellow apples (from 1/4 apple per day in baked form), banana (from 1/4 per day); increasing potatoes in the diet; Beets (boiled with 1 tbsp grated); Tomato (start by adding tomato paste (1/2 pack for 4 servings) or steamed vegetables (no more than 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); New vegetables are always introduced in baked/cooked form.
Different types of meat:Beef, veal, pork, chicken (low-fat parts - ball, fillet, etc. ). Increasing liver intake, gradually introducing chicken liver.
Increase your intake of lean fish.
The diet is always tailored to the child. If the baby has a rash when turning on a new product, then it is immediately removed from the woman's diet.
Up to 3 months, the nervous system of the intestine is not yet developed, so you cannot eat food that promotes gas formation and is difficult to digest:
fatty meat, strong broths, lard;
Legumes;
heavy, high-fiber, high-sugar fruits and berries: cherries, grapes, pears.
3-6 months
The main customization phase is complete. Now in a woman's diet you can gradually introduce any food, except:
cocoa, chocolate, coffee;
semi-finished products, sausage and smoked meat;
sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);
honey, nuts;
citrus fruits and strawberries.
The rest of the products are introduced gradually, observing the reaction of the baby (the appearance of colic, rashes). It is advisable to include soups with legumes in the menu from the 4th to 5th month of life of a child, starting with 1/4 portion at a time.
In a day, 1 new product is introduced to monitor the baby's condition. Therefore, borscht and other complex dishes should be eaten after the baby gets used to all the ingredients (beets, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).
6-12 months
After 6 months, children are provided with complementary foods, so you cannot adhere to dietary restrictions (except for the hyperallergens mentioned above).
Complementary foods start with grains (buckwheat, rice, wheat) and give 1 teaspoon as the first serving. Porridges are cooked in mother's milk and water, without the addition of fats and spices. At the first feeding, it is allowed to give homemade fermented milk drinks from low-fat (2. 5%) milk: kefir, yogurt without additives and sugar. The child gets only fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).
You start at noon (12. 00) with the introduction of complementary food, breastfeed the baby. For a week, the child should get used to a portion of food that replaces complementary food. After that, in the morning (8. 00-9. 00) the previously introduced product will be given and at noon new products will be presented.